Entrepreneurship and refuge: how Panamá benefits from integrating those seeking to rebuild their lives

Abstract

Forced human mobility represents one of today’s greatest challenges, but also an opportunity to strengthen inclusive and resilient societies. This article analyzes the fundamental difference between migrants and refugees, highlighting the need to recognize the specific realities of those seeking international protection. Based on the experience of Hecho x Refugiados in Panama, it examines how entrepreneurship becomes a vital tool for rebuilding displaced lives and a driver of local economic development. The integration of refugees through formal entrepreneurial initiatives is shown not to be a burden for the host country, but rather a smart growth strategy. Through training, business formalization, access to banking services, and support networks, vulnerability has been transformed into innovation opportunities, job creation, and social cohesion. Practical recommendations are presented to facilitate this process, emphasizing the tangible benefits that the socioeconomic inclusion of refugees can bring to Panama.